Functional morphology and the evolution of complex functional systems. Biomechanics and hydrodynamics of suction feeding in fishes. Hydrodynamics determinants of predator-prey interactions. Effects of ecology and functional architecture on rates of evolutionary morphology.
המחקר שלי מתמקד בביו-מכניקה עם תשומת לב ספציפית להידרודינמיקה של האכלת יניקה בדגים, ולגורמי ההידרודינמיקה של אינטראקציות טורף-טרף. אני גם מתעניין באופן נרחב במורפולוגיה פונקציונלית ובאבולוציה של מערכות פונקציונליות מורכבות, במיוחד ההשפעות של אקולוגיה וארכיטקטורה פונקציונלית.
Hydrodynamic constraints on suction feeding in low Reynolds numbers:
Newly hatched fish subsist on a limited supply of yolk and thus must encounter and successfully capture food before depleting their energy resources. To capture their prey, larval fishes close the distance to their prey by rapidly swimming towards it while rapidly opening their mouth to generate a flow of water external to the mouth. This feeding mode, termed “suction feeding”, is thought to be the universal feeding mode in larval fishes. The suction flow is the key to suction feeding success, because it draws the prey item into the predator’s mouth, countering any escape response of the prey. Because of the difficulties inherent in making direct measurements and observations on small animals such as larval fishes, very little is known about these flows, how those flows are translated to prey capture, and whether those change during early development. Our goal is to identify the physical constraints of feeding efficiency in larval fishes, and how those constraints effect larval survival. Using particle tracking velocimetry and computational fluid dynamics, experiments with live fishes, and a range of modeling approaches we strive understand how the hydrodynamic constraints imposed on larvae shape their performance and ultimately their survival. read the paper HERE of e-mail me for a copy
Navigation in Mexican blind cave fish
With Shimrit Perkol-Finkel and Gregory Zilman, we report a new mechanism of non-visual navigation in the Mexican blind cavefish. We show that this species uses mouth suction to purposefully emits detection signals, and modulates their frequency and emission rate in different states, a hallmark of pulse-based navigation mechanisms such as echolocation. These detection signals, generated by sucking water into the mouth, are several orders of magnitude stronger than previously estimated for the corresponding stimuli induced by the fish’s gliding body. This novel mechanism can thus explain inconsistencies between observed behaviors of the Mexican blind cave fish and current theory of “hydrodynamic imaging”. Read the paper apears in JEB or e-mail me for a copy.
The relationship between morphological disparity and function in the feeding mechanism of fishes
The nature of the relationship between structure and function is a fundamental question in evolution. In this research, we use two hi-speed video cameras to get 3D video of fish eating in the reef, in order to quantify morphological variance of certain traits in the multi-variant complex mechanism of suction feeding. In addition, we use a first principles based mechanistic model to assess each traits’ contribution to feeding success (function). We expect the comparison between morphological and functional variance to shed some light on the intricate relationship between structure and function.
Recent publications; the full list can be found on
google scholar and http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2334-2551:
Malul D, Holzman R, Shavit U. (2020) Coral tentacle elasticity promotes an out-of-phase motion that improves mass transfer. Proc. R. Soc. B.28720200180
http://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0180
Perevolotsky T, Martin CH, Rivlin A, Holzman R. 2020 Work that body: fin and body movements determine herbivore feeding performance within the natural reef environment. Proc. R. Soc. B 287: 20201903.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1903
Roesti, M., Anstett, DN., Freeman, BG., Lee-Yaw, JA., Schluter, D., Chavarie, L., Rolland, J. Holzman, R. (2020) Pelagic fish predation is stronger at temperate latitudes than near the equator. Nature Communications 11, 1527.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15335-4
Kolker M, Meiri S and Holzman R (2019) Prepared for the future: A strong signal of evolution toward the adult benthic niche during the pelagic stage in Labrid fishes.
Evolution 73: 803-816 https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.13694
Sommerfeld, N. and Holzman, R. (2019). The interaction between suction feeding performance and prey escape response determines feeding success in larval fish.
Journal of Experimental Biology 222, jeb204834.
https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204834
Kimmerling, N. Zuqert, O. Amitai,G. Gurevich, T. Armoza-Zvuloni, R. Kolesnikov, I. Berenshtein, I. Melamed, S. Gilad, S. Benjamin, S. Rivlin, A. Ohavia, M. , Paris C.B. Holzman, R. Kiflawi, M. Sorek, R. (2017) Quantitative species-level ecology of reef fish larvae via metabarcoding. Nature Ecology and Evolution.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0413-2
Jacobs, CN and Holzman R. (2018) Conserved spatio-temporal patterns of suction-feeding flows across aquatic vertebrates: a comparative flow visualization study. Journal of Experimental Biology 221, jeb174912.
https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.174912
China, V., Levi, L, Elmaliach, T, Liberzon, A. and R. Holzman (2017). Hydrodynamic regime affects feeding success and encounter rates with prey to determine feeding rates of larval fish during the critical period. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284: 20170235.
PDF
Holzman, R. V. China, S. Yaniv, M. Zilka. (2015) Hydrodynamic constraints of suction feeding in low Reynolds numbers, and the critical period of larval fishes. Integrative and Comparative Biology 55, 48-61.
PDF
China, V and Holzman R. (2014) Hydrodynamic starvation in first-feeding larval fishes. PNAS 111, 8083–8088. PDF
Holzman, R., S. Percol-Pinkel, G. Zilman (2014) Mexican blind cavefish use mouth suction to detect obstacles. Journal of Experimental Biology 217, 1955-1962.
PDF
Holzman, R., D.C. Collar, S.A. Price, C.D. Hulsey, R.C. Thomson and P.C. Wainwright (2012). Biomechanical trade-offs bias rates of evolution in the feeding apparatus of fishes. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences” 279, 1287-1292.
PDF
Price, S.A., R. Holzman, T.J. Near and P.C. Wainwright. (2011). Coral Reefs Promote the Evolution of Morphological Diversity and Ecological Novelty in Labrid Fishes. Ecology Letters 14: 462-469. PDF
Holzman, R., D.C. Collar, R.S. Mehta. and P.C. Wainwright. (2011). Functional complexity mitigates evolutionary trade-offs. American Naturalist 177 :E69-83. PDF
Holzman, R., and P.C. Wainwright (2009). How to surprise a copepod: Strike kinematics reduce hydrodynamic disturbance and increase stealth of suction feeding fish. Limnology & Oceanography. 54, 2201–2212. PDF
Holzman, R., S.W. Day, Mehta R.S. and P.C. Wainwright. (2008) Jaw protrusion enhances forces exerted on prey by suction feeding fishes. Journal of the Royal Society, Interface 5: 1445–1457. PDF
Higher Education
1995-1998: Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Biology Bachelor’s degree, Graduated with distinction (MAGNA CUM LAUDE).
1999-2001: Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Dep of Evolution, Systematics and Ecology, Master’s degree. Supervisor: Prof. Amatzia Genin. A “direct route” transfer to Doctorate program (no thesis)
2001-2006: Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Dep of Evolution, Systematics and Ecology, Doctorate degree. Supervisor: Prof. Amatzia Genin.
Academic positions
2016- Present: Associate professor, the school of Zoology in Tel Aviv University and the Inter-University institute for marine science in Eilat.
2010-2016: Senior lecturer, the department of Zoology in Tel Aviv University and the Inter-University institute for marine science in Eilat.
2007-2010: Post-doctoral fellow. University of California in Davis, Dept. of Evolution and Ecology. Host: Prof. Peter Wainwright.
2006-2007: Rothschild post-doctoral fellow. University of California in Davis, Dept. of Evolution and Ecology. Host: Prof. Peter Wainwright.
Current Members
Dror Malul, Ph.D. Student
2020-today: The Mechanical Properties of Coral Tentacles and their Contribution to the Efficiency of Mass Transfer
.
Co-advised by Prof. Uri Shavit
Tal Perevolotsky, Ph.D. Student
2020-today: biomechanics of algal grazing in Coral Reef fish
.
Co-advised by Prof Amatzia Genin
Michaela Kolker, Ph.D. Student
2016-today: Morphological evolution in larval fishes
Tamara Gurevich, Technician
2012-today: Lab manager; in charge of molecular laboratory
Christopher Martin, Other
2019-today: Research Cooperator- Scientist
Past Members
Victor China, Ph.D. Student
2011-2017: Thesis: Hydrodynamic constraints from egg to the post settlement stage of marine fishes
NOA MOSHKOWITZ, M.Sc. Student
2011-2013: Adaptation for prey capture in fish- the importance of gape size and jaw protrusion
Tal Keren, M.Sc. Student
2012-2015: The relationship between morphological disparity and function in the feeding mechanism of fishes
Liraz Levy, M.Sc. Student
2014-2016: Characterizing spatial and temporal flow patterns in suction feeding fish larvae
Miri Zilka, M.Sc. Student
2012-2015: Hydrodynamics of suction flows in larval fishes
Stan Yavno, Postdoc
2015-2017: Body size selection in larval fishes; Mechanical transgressive segragation
Liat Koch, Postdoc
2015-2018: characterising larval starvation using hypothalamic appetite-stimulating neuropeptides
Corrine Jacobs, Ph.D. Student
2015-2020: Diversity of suction feeding flows
Lior Avidan, M.Sc. Student
2014-2016: Effect of flow speed on feeding success of reef fish
Noam Sommerfeld, M.Sc. Student
2016-2019: Predator prey interactions between larval fish and evasive prey
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